The township of Monmouth was surveyed in 1862, the name taken from the County of Monmouth on the border between England and Wales. Early settlers accessed the area by the Monck and Burleigh Colonization Roads. The 1871 Peterborough County Directory records the township as unsettled.
An early settler was Thomas Clark at Hotspur, at the junction of the Monck Road and Burnt River. Settlers at Wilberforce included the Ritchies, Dunsfords, Hadleys, Graham, Milnes, Dillmans, Whites, and Couckells. Cope Falls was settled by the Cope and Young families.
The United Church cemetery at Wilberforce, on Poverty Lake, includes the family names of Patterson, Thompson, Ritchie, Austin, Burton, McCrae, Haskins, Brough, Short, Miller, Southworth, Johnston, Madill, Hughey, White and Evans.
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